Psychologists Defying the Crowd: Stories of Those Who Battled the Establishment and Won

Creative scientists often defy the scientific establishment. Such scientists may choose to go their own way with respect to theory, research paradigm, philosophical orientation, or subject matter studied. The risks can be great, and such defiance can result in rejected articles, unfunded grant proposals, and in extreme cases, scientific oblivion. Yet these defiant scientists are often the ones whose lives live on, while the work of those scientists who conform to existing scientific tastes often dies with them.