Politics in States and Communities

Preface p. vii 1 Politics in States and Communities p. 1 A Political Approach to States and Communities p. 2 The Comparative Study of States and Communities p. 2 Rankings of the States: Population Size and Projected Growth Rate, 2000-2030 p. 7 Rankings of the States: Income and Education p. 8 Race and Ethnicity p. 9 Rankings of the States: Hispanic and African American Populations p. 10 The Politics of Immigration p. 12 Liberalism and Conservatism in the States p. 14 Rankings of the States: State Policy Liberalism p. 15 Up Close: Religion and Politics: The Culture Wars Intensify p. 19 Policy Responsibilities of States and Communities p. 20 People in Politics: New York City's Mayor Rudy Giuliani Takes Charge at Ground Zero p. 23 "States," "Districts," and "Territories" p. 24 Did You Know? How the American States Got Their Names p. 27 On the Web p. 28 2 Democracy and Constitutionalism in the States p. 31 Constitutional Government in the States p. 32 State Constitutions: An Overview p. 35 Up Close: State Constitutions and the Right to Bear Arms p. 38 Constitutional Change in the States p. 40 Democracy in the States p. 45 Direct Versus Representative Democracy p. 47 People in Politics: The California Recall: Arnold! Becomes the New Governor p. 48 The Politics of State Initiatives p. 50 What Do You Think? Are Term Limits a Good Idea? p. 56 Did You Know? Nicknames of the States p. 58 On the Web p. 59 3 States, Communities, and American Federalism p. 61 What Is Federalism? p. 62 Why Federalism? p. 62 Federalism's Faults p. 64 Up Close: Hurricane Katrina Relief Difficulties: Laying the Blame on Federalism p. 65 The Structure of American Federalism p. 67 Up Close: Federalizing Crime p. 71 Battles in the States over Constitutional Amendments p. 73 What Do You Think? Will Three More Legislatures Ratify the ERA? p. 76 How Money Shifted Power to Washington p. 78 Up Close: Historic Landmarks in the Development of American Federalism p. 80 Up Close: Federalism and the Drinking Age p. 82 Rankings of the States: Reliance on Federal Aid p. 84 The Politics of Grants-in-Aid p. 85 Up Close: Which Government Does the Best Job? p. 86 Federalism: Variations on the Theme p. 87 Coercive Federalism: Preemptions and Mandates p. 90 Congress and Devolution p. 93 The Supreme Court and the Revival of Federalism p. 94 Interstate Relations, Horizontal Federalism p. 96 Did You Know? What Are the "Most Livable" States? p. 97 On the Web p. 98 4 Participation in State Politics p. 101 The Nature of Political Participation p. 102 Explaining Voter Turnout p. 103 Up Close: Getting into Politics p. 104 Rankings of the States: Voter Turnout Rate p. 108 Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation p. 115 Securing the Right to Vote p. 116 New Forms of Participation: Digital Democracy? p. 119 People in Politics: "On-Liners" Use Web to Get Involved in Politics p. 120 Minorities in State Politics p. 121 Women in State Politics p. 124 Young and Old in State Politics p. 126 Interest Groups in State Politics p. 127 Functions and Tactics of Interest Groups p. 132 Comparing Interest Group Power in the States p. 135 Protest as Political Participation p. 138 On the Web p. 141 5 Parties and Campaigns in the States p. 145 American Political Parties: In Disarray or Experiencing a Rebirth? p. 146 Parties and Primaries p. 151 State Party Organizations and Activists p. 154 Up Close: Texas Party Organizations p. 156 People in Politics: Two Powerful Women, Two Different Paths to Becoming State Party Chair: Florida's Democratic and Republican Parties Have Women at the Helm p. 158 Republican and Democratic Party Fortunes in the States p. 159 Divided Party Government in the States p. 162 Party Competition within the States p. 162 The Policy Effects of Party Competition p. 164 Professional Media Campaigns p. 167 Did You Know? Today's "High-Tech" Campaigns Have a Vocabulary All Their Own p. 169 Money in State Politics p. 174 State Campaign Finance Reform p. 178 On the Web p. 180 6 Legislators in State Politics p. 184 Functions of State Legislatures p. 185 The Making of a State Legislator p. 186 Minorities and Women in State Legislatures p. 189 Rankings of the States: African Americans, Hispanics, and Women in State Legislatures p. 190 Getting to the State Capitol p. 194 People in Politics: California State Senator Abel Maldonado: His Roots Are Key to Understanding His Policy Priorities p. 194 The Great Incumbency Machine p. 197 Legislative Apportionment and Districting p. 198 Up Close: The Original Gerrymander p. 201 Legislative Organization and Procedure p. 204 Up Close: Informal Rules of the Game p. 207 Legislative Institutionalization p. 209 Legislative Committees p. 212 Leadership and Role-Playing in Legislatures p. 214 Party Politics in State Legislatures p. 216 The Growing Role of the Media in the Legislative Process p. 218 Lobbying in State Legislatures p. 219 State Legislatures: A Critical Assessment p. 222 On the Web p. 224 7 Governors in State Politics p. 228 The Many Roles of a Governor p. 229 The Making of a Governor p. 231 People in Politics: Hey, Jeb: So What's It Like When You're the Governor, Your Brother Is the President, and Your Dad Was the President? p. 232 Gubernatorial Politics p. 238 Executive Power in State Government p. 243 The Governor's Legislative Powers p. 249 Up Close: Governors Tell It Like It Is (In Their State) p. 252 Divided Government: Governor versus the Legislature p. 253 Impeachments, Investigations, and Recalls p. 254 The Governor as Political Leader p. 255 Putting It All Together: Where Are Governors the Most Powerful? p. 260 Rankings of the States: Combined Powers: Formal (Institutional) + Informal (Personal) Powers p. 261 Other Executive Offices p. 262 Did You Know? How Many Governors Later Became President? p. 264 On the Web p. 265 8 Bureaucratic Politics in States and Communities p. 268 Government and Bureaucracy p. 269 Sources of Bureaucratic Power p. 270 The Growth of Bureaucratic Power p. 271 State Bureaucracies p. 272 Rankings of the States: Government Spending and Employment p. 277 Bureaucracy, Democracy, Representativeness, and Responsiveness p. 278 Up Close: Firing a Public Employee p. 280 Up Close: "Me, a Bureaucrat?" Aging Workforce Means More Government Jobs for Younger Workers p. 281 The Power of Public Employee Unions p. 283 State Regulatory Policy p. 286 Reform, Privatization, and "Reinventing Government" p. 288 Conditions for Success p. 292 The Budgetary Process p. 295 Up Close: Grading the States: A Management Report Card p. 296 Up Close: How to Win at the Budget Game p. 299 The Politics of Budgeting p. 300 On the Web p. 303 9 Courts, Crime, and Correctional Policy p. 305 Politics and the Judicial Process p. 306 The Lawyering of America p. 308 Judicial Federalism p. 310 Up Close: The Right to Die v. The Right to Live: Who Decides? The Terri Schiavo Case p. 312 The Structure of Court Systems p. 314 The Making of a Judge p. 318 The Judicial Selection Controversy page.