Vegan What Is It? How Does It Compare? What Are the Benefits?

Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.[b] A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan. Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism. Dietary vegans (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.[c] The term ethical vegan is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.[d] Another term is environmental veganism, which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.[17]Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.[18] They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of the life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics,[e] Dietitians of Canada[20], and the British Dietetic Association[21]. The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents, or during pregnancy and breastfeeding.[f] Vegan diets tend to be higher in dietary fiber, magnesium, folic acid, vitamin C, vitamin E, iron and phytochemicals; and lower in dietary energy, saturated fat, cholesterol, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, zinc and vitamin B12.[g] Unbalanced vegan diets may lead to nutritional deficiencies that nullify any beneficial effects and may cause serious health issues.[22][23][24] These deficiencies can only be prevented through the choice of fortified foods or the regular intake of dietary supplements.[22][25] Vitamin B12 supplementation is especially important because its deficiency causes blood disorders and potentially irreversible neurological damage.[24][26][27]Donald Watson coined the term vegan in 1944 when he co-founded the Vegan Society in England. At first, he used it to mean "non-dairy vegetarian", but from 1951 the society defined it as "the doctrine that man should live without exploiting animals".[28] Interest in veganism increased in the 2010s. More vegan stores opened, and vegan options became increasingly available in supermarkets and restaurants in many countries.[29]1 Origins1.1 Strict vegetarians1.2 Vegetarian Society1.3 Coining the term vegan (1944)2 Increasing interest2.1 Alternative food movements2.2 Into the mainstream (2010s)3 Veganism by country4 Animal products4.1 Avoidance4.2 Eggs, dairy products, honey, silk5 Vegan diet5.1 Soy5.2 Plant milk, cheese, mayo5.3 Egg replacements5.4 Food groups5.5 Raw veganism5.6 Nutrients5.6.1 Protein5.6.2 Vitamin B125.6.3 Calcium5.6.4 Vitamin D5.6.5 Iron5.6.6 Omega-3 fatty acids, iodine5.7 Health effects5.8 Pregnancy, infants and children6 Personal items6.1 Toiletries, household6.2 Clothes7 Philosophy7.1 Ethical veganism7.2 Environmental veganism7.3 Feminist veganism7.3.1 Pioneers7.3.2 Animal and human abuse parallels7.3.3 Capitalism and feminist veganism8 Symbols9 Notes10 References11 External links